ISSAM HOBBALLAH :Dear Ministers of the Cabinet

ISSAM HOBBALLAH                                                           Monday March 16, 2015

                                                Dear Ministers of the Cabinet

We have discussed, more than once, the deterioration of the situation in the whole area. We have all agreed with the recent soundings, which have foreseen a dangerous escalation of disorder and confusion in the upcoming decades.

Actually, we are living under the pressure of wars around our borders. Expectations are heading to serious extensions of damages and losses.

It is time to make gutsy decisions!!

By 2020, we will be standing firm to move out to Mars, where we hope to enjoy peaceful and prosperous life. To achieve this ambitious target, I have placed suggestions at your  disposal. This plan should be voted in the shortest delay in order to launch a national mobilization.

Costs of the construction of the new city

We should be prepared to be able to build our own stronghold far from our enemies. I suggest the involvement of all our human resources capabilities  to recruit civil engineers and rally powerful financial circles in order to eventually invade the cosmos and build a paradise lacking  violence and hostility.

The first studies indicate that huge amounts of funds are needed for the implementation of our national project. This Lebanese dream will be shared by all those who live abroad and are still worried about the challenging problems of the Cedars country.

In addition, we have reliable friends over the world, ready to support our legal struggle for the safety and the well-being of our new generations.

The project provides for labor forces in a large area in the city with hospitals, schools and amusement centers. As for lawyers, judges, civil servants, traders, security forces, each of these social groups will have its own space with public gardens for all citizens.

Higher education and teaching of foreign languages are going to be free and compulsory.

Interior security, harmony and peaceful family living are a supreme commitment towards our Lebanese people.

Forewarned is forearmed

Following the instructions of the government, the legal department of contentions is going to prepare an announcement related to the conditions and terms that will be required to settle on Mars.

We have no intentions to regenerate our failures in the national life. We are the only country in the Middle East which has a secular constitution.

This constitution will guide and inspire our life when we settle on Mars. We are working actually to render new regulations in order to ban extremism such as Tora Bora’s dinosaurs or massacre preachers emerging from darkness.

Lebanon is the proud owner of a remarkable legacy. Should we put our best foot forward, we should have transferred our National Library and Museum to the new homeland by 2019 as first priority because it is a matter of preservation of our identity and culture.

We will entrust the files of environment and atmospheric electricity to the private sector. We believe that, in such highly technological tasks, it would be more efficient and therefore more productive to overtake the administration’s usual routine.

No doubts that the unanimity of the Lebanese people is fed up with power cuts and lack of water supply in all seasons.

To sum up, we are racing time. We need to appeal to the patriotism of the cream of the crop of our Lebanese creative brains. We will together defeat fanatism and chaos. The future is ours! God bless Lebanon.

Issam Hobballa-Tort

Issam HOBBALLAH                                                                        Monday , March 23, 2015

 Invasion  of Privacy Cases

Privacy is among the most precious rights of the individual. The first legislation about it had dawned in the 18^th century. It was William Blackstone who worked hard in order to enrich the British Justice with legislation which are the foundation stone of the Common Law, nowadays.

We will try to explain in the searching essay, what is a tort? How many  torts do  we have in Courts?

What are the repercussions  and the liabilities  in both cases: intentional torts and negligent actions?

What is a tort? What tort is not?

First of all, “tort” is a French word meaning civil wrong. Tort is a wrongful act, a wrongdoing that results in injury to the person's property, dignity, or reputation, which is recognized by statute or Common Law as a legitimate basis for a liability.

            There are many types of torts of Invasion of  Privacy cases. The main difference between the willful and wanton tort and the one made by negligence, is the voluntary or deliberate conduct. So, when there is determination to act, there is a tort of invasion of  privacy.

The courts have mentioned 4 types of torts of invasion cases: Disclosure/ Intrusion/ Appropriation/ False light (similar to defamation).

The physical manners of the invasion comprise:

a)      to force your home against your protests

b)      to invade your private life and solitude by using binoculars or telescopes from the neighborhood

c)      to open your private mail and disclose your own affairs or business

d)     to eavesdrop  to what other people are planning to do or are debating about.

According to the tribunals’ circles, torts differ from crimes in that crimes are punishable by the state in Criminal Court. Torts generally allow individuals to seek compensation for their injuries in Civil Courts.

However, sometimes an act can be both, a tort and a crime! For instance, threatening to seriously injure someone is in tort law an assault. The victim may be able to sue the perpetrator in civil court for compensation for the emotional distress caused by the assault, while the state may seek jail time in a criminal court.

In order to win a tort lawsuit, the plaintiff (the person who initiated the lawsuit), must show that the defendant (the person accused of wrongdoing in the lawsuit), intended to cause harm or had a duty to act in a particular manner, in spite of that, breached that duty and damages or injuries occurred as a result of the breach.

Nuisance and Negligence are different torts and function differently

Private nuisance is an unreasonable or unlawful interference with a person’s use, or quiet enjoyment of land. It is about some activities on the defendant’s neighboring land. Negligence refers to conduct that falls below the standards established by Law, for the protection of others against unreasonable risk of harm.

A person would be considered acting negligently, if he or she has departed from the conduct expected of a reasonable person acting under similar circumstances. For instance, in the annals of British Civil Court, an English teacher enjoys sitting in his garden on summer evenings. One evening, his neighbor, Miss Jones holds a barbecue for her friends. The smoke, the smell of cooking fatty meat, the general chatter and music being played in the garden, annoy the teacher and upset him.

In another situation, Miss Jones holds parties in her garden, every weekend and the household has become a rowdy drinking den!! Vibrations from the loud music cause the English teacher’s pictures to fall off his walls and he has no peace at all!

Obviously, in the first case, the plaintiff must prove to the civil court that the defendant (Miss Jones) had a duty to him, and she breached that duty by failing to conform to the required standard of conduct: her negligent conduct was the cause of the harm to him, and he was in fact harmed or damaged.

For the second situation, the persistent invasion of privacy should be treated by the criminal court which is competent to find Miss Jones guilty or not guilty. The sanctions of this court are criminal fines, jail and death. Rulings are given under the statutory law, when liability is proved and confirmed.

To expand on that tort case, when a residential area is close to an industrial activities’ area, there are always complaints against chimney smoke, against noise generated by Lorries etc…

This type of torts can be considered as private and public nuisance in the same time!

We have come to the conclusion that torts of invasion privacy cases are in fact, numerous and might be more varied in the future.

This phenomenon is connected to the progress and development of the country in general.

Legislation should verge on social and cultural evolution. Privacy is as sacred as religion dictate and Justice must apply overwhelming laws against troublemakers, paparazzi, spies and other curious intruders.