Terrorism
In recent years, the world has
witnessed a threat against global terrorism after the attack of 9/11. This
threat surged a research to explain the definition and causes for terrorism in
the field of homeland security and counterterrorism. In order to spot the
causes of terrorism, one should first explain what terrorism is. The main
definition of terrorism is an outrageous attack carried out by an individual,
group or state against the human beings (religion, freedom, life, intellect, property
and honor). Terrorism includes all forms of intimidation, harm and threat
without a just cause so as to terrify and horrify people by hurting them or
exposing their lives to danger.
This fact sheds light on two
schools of thought to explain the phenomenon of modern terrorism which might be
defined by the psychological-sociological school of thought and the political-rational
school of thought. Both schools maintain that terrorism seeks to achieve
political goals by installing fear and anxiety among the target populations.
The psychological-sociological
school addresses the desired effect of terrorism, and its root causes rely primarily
on social group dynamics and the psychological profile of the individual
terrorist actors. In contrast, the political-rational school of thought views
terrorism as a rational method of operation intended to promote various interests
and to attain concrete political goals.
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